The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is among our nation’s most critical federal civil rights measures. NCLB was signed into law on January 8, 2002 and reauthorized a number of federal programs aimed at improving the performance of U.S. primary and secondary schools. It helps promote equity in U.S. public education by holding schools, school districts, and states accountable for the academic achievement of all students, including English language learners (ELLs).